とも

I

[友] **friend

【C】(親しい)友だち， 友人， 仲よし∥ A friend in need is a friend indeed. ((ことわざ))「まさかの時の友こそ真の友」《◆単に A friend in need. ともいう》 / a devoted friend 忠実な友 / a false friend 不信の友 / Your loving friend. 君に忠実な友より《◆手紙の結び》.

*companion

【C】気の合った友; ［C～；通例書名で］〔…の〕友〔to〕∥ The woman is a good companion to me. その女性は私のよき友です.

¶→類は友を呼ぶ

II

[供] *attendant

【C】お供. ⇒おとも

III

[艫] *stern

【C】船尾∥ down by the stern ともを下げて.

供
accompanying
attendant
companion
retinue
友
friend
companion
pal
艫
stern
共
both
neither (neg)
all
and
as well as
including
with
together with
plural ending
伴
侶
companion
follower
certainly)
of course
to be sure
rather

* * *

I

―とも

(助詞)

①［たとえ…でも］

even if

…だとしても

I'll go out even if it rains. たとえ雨が降ろうとも私は出かけます

even though

たとえ…(する)にしても

Even though he is the Premier， he shall hear us. たとえ彼が首相であろうとも私たちの言い分を聞いてもらう《◆ even though... は even if... と違って実際に彼が首相である時に用いる》

no matter

たとえ〔…〕でも〔wh節， though節〕《◆ however， whatever， whenever などより口語的》

No matter how he does， I will support him. たとえ彼がどのようにしようとも私は彼を支持する

No matter what the excuse (is)， he is to blame. どう弁解しようとも彼が悪いのだ.

②［およその限界］

¶ → 遅くとも

¶ → 少なくとも

③［いずれか］

*whether

〖接〗(…する)かどうか

It is still uncertain whether she's coming or not. 彼女が来るとも来ないともはっきりしない.

II

―とも

(強調)

¶ → そうだとも

¶「彼を電話口にお呼びいただけませんか」「ええ， いいです～」

“Would ［Do］ you mind calling him to the phone?”“No， I wouldn't mind. ［Certainly not. ， Of course not. ， No， not at all. ］”

¶「昨夜のパーティーには出席なさったでしょうね」「もちろんです～」

“You were at the party last night， weren't you?”“Naturally!”

III

―とも

(接尾)

①［両方・全部］

**both

〔…の〕両方〔of〕

Both of the girls are my classmates. その女の子は2人とも私のクラスメイトです

**neither

〔…の〕どちらも…でない〔of〕

Neither of them is ［are］ bad. 2人とも悪くない

both... and...

…と…の両方

Both she and I are good at tennis. 彼女と私は2人ともテニスが得意です

neither... nor...

…と…の両方が…でない

Neither he nor his wife has ［《略式》have］ arrived. 彼も奥さんも2人とも到着していない

**all

すべて

The five restaurants were all closed. レストランは5軒とも休みだった.

②［含めて］

*including

〖前〗…を含めて

Price ＄12， including postage. 郵便料共12ドル. ⇒ こみ

IV

とも【供】

*attendant

〖C〗お供. ⇒ おとも

V

とも【友】

**friend

〖C〗(親しい)友だち， 友人， 仲よし

A friend in need is a friend indeed. ((ことわざ))「まさかの時の友こそ真の友」《◆単に A friend in need. ともいう》

a devoted friend 忠実な友

a false friend 不信の友

Your loving friend. 君に忠実な友より《◆手紙の結び》.

*companion

〖C〗気の合った友; ［C～；通例書名で］〔…の〕友〔to〕

The woman is a good companion to me. その女性は私のよき友です.

¶ → 類は友を呼ぶ

VI

とも【艫】

*stern

〖C〗船尾

down by the stern ともを下げて.

* * *

I

とも【友】

1 〔友だち〕 a friend; a comrade; 《口》 a pal [chum, 《米》 buddy, 《英》 mate]; 〔仲間〕 a companion; a circle; company.

●親しい友 a close [an intimate] friend [pal, etc.]

・よき友 a good friend [pal, etc.]

・真の友 a true friend [pal, etc.]

・いざというとき頼りにならない友 a fair-weather friend

・長年の友 an old friend; a friend of many years' standing

・生涯の友 a lifelong friend; a companion for life

・悲しみを分かち合える友 a companion who can share one's misery

・同窓の友 a friend of one's school days; an old schoolmate.

●…を友とする make a friend [companion] of…; make friends with…; associate with…; keep company with…

・書物を読んで古人を友とする make the ancients one's companions by reading their books.

●友に恵まれる be blessed with friends.

●友を選ぶ choose one's friends

・友を選べ. Choose your companions well.

●友あり遠方よりきたる, また楽しからずや. How pleasant to have a friend come from distant quarters! | Great is the joy to see a friend who comes from far.

2 〔いつも親しんでいるもの〕 a companion.

●「園芸家の友」 〔書名〕 The Gardener's Companion.

●書物を友とする have books for companions; make companions of books

・風月を友とする have Nature as one's companion.

II

とも【供】

〔随行すること〕 going along as a companion; 〔従者〕 an attendant; a servant; (旅行での) a courier; 〔同行者〕 a companion; (同行者全員) a suite; a retinue; a train of attendants. [⇒おとも]

●供も連れずに行く go unattended [alone].

●供に加える include sb in one's retinue.

●供をする attend on 《one's master》; 〔同行する〕 accompany; go with…

・主人の供をして in attendance on [accompanying] one's master

・供を連れる go with [be accompanied by] attendants; be attended by a servant; take servants with one.

III

とも【鞆】

an archer's wrist protector worn on the left hand.

IV

とも【艫】

the stern.

●舳先(_へさき)から艫まで from stem to stern.

●艫に置く place sth in the stern 《of a boat》

・艫にすわる sit in the stern (seat).

●艫のほうに aft; astern; abaft

・艫のほうを向けて (with) stern out

・艫のほうから沈む sink sternfirst.

V

-とも

1 〔どちらも〕 both; (否定で) neither; 〔全部〕 all; and; as well as.

●男女ともに 〔どちらも〕 both men and women; men and women together; 〔同様に〕 men and women alike; irrespective of sex. [⇒ともに]

●2 人とも合格した. Both (of them) passed.

・5 人とも無事だった. All five were safe.

・両親とも元気です. Both of my parents are healthy.

2 〔…を含めて〕 including; inclusive of….

●代価送料とも5,000 円. The price is \5,000 including postage [postage included].

VI

-とも

1 〔請け合う気持ちを表す〕 certainly; of course; indeed; to be sure.

●そうですとも. You're so right. | To be sure! | I fully agree with you. | Of course it is. | 《米》 《口》 Sure.

・それでいいですとも. Of course that will do.

・「大丈夫かね」「ええ大丈夫ですとも」 “Is it safe?”―“You bet it is.”

・「ここへ来たことがあるのか」「あるとも」 “Have you been here before?”―“I certainly have.”

・「手伝ってくれる?」「いいとも」 “Can you lend a hand?”―“You bet [Sure, 《口》 No sweat].”

・いいともいいとも. Very well. | Certainly. | With pleasure.

・おれが謝らなかったって? 謝らないとも. I didn't apologize, you say? Of course I didn't.

・思い切り言ってやったとも. I gave him a good talking-to―you bet I did.

2 〔…ても〕 though…; although…; (even) if…; no matter 《who, what, when, where, how》….

●どこへ行こうとも wherever [no matter where] you may go; go where you may

・何事があろうとも whatever [no matter what] happens; come what may

・いかに金があろうとも however rich one may be; no matter how much money one has

・たとえ命にかかわろうとも even if it is a matter of life or death.

●来なくともよろしい. You needn't come here. | You may stay (at) home.

3 〔さえも〕 even; without so much as….

●彼はさようならとも言わずに部屋を出ていった. He left the room without even saying good-by [without so much as a good-by].

・彼女はそれを捜そうともしなかった. She made no move whatever to try to find [look for] it.

・彼は一日たりとも休まなかった. He didn't rest so much as a single day.

4 〔あるいは; また〕 also; in a sense [manner]; so to speak.

●…とも言うべき as it may be called; a sort of…

・この地方の心臓とも言うべき都市 a city that could be called the heart of this region.

●下関は馬関とも言う. Shimonoseki is also known as [called] Bakan. | Shimonoseki also goes by the name of Bakan.

・会うは別れの初めとも言えよう. Meeting is, so to speak, the beginning of parting.

5 〔不確定さを表す〕

●だれとも[どことも, いつとも]言えない cannot say who [where, when]

・ともつかない ⇒-ともつかない

・ともなく ⇒-ともなく.

●彼は行くとも行かないとも言わなかった. He didn't say whether he would go or not.

・来ないとも限らないでしょう. Who can say that he will not come?

6 〔限度を見積もって示す〕

●遅くとも 《next week》 at the latest [furthest]

・少なくとも 《two days》 at least

・多くとも 《20 pounds》 at (the) most.

7 〔強調の意を示す〕

●彼ともあろうものが a man of his reputation [importance, eminence, distinction, high standing, social standing, high position]

・大学教授ともあろうものが a person of a university professor's standing

・鈴木教授ともあろうものが Professor Suzuki, of all men; a person of Professor Suzuki's standing

・市長ともあろうものが considering his social standing as mayor

・親を親とも思わない slight one's parents; set parental authority at naught.

VII

とも-【共-】

1 〔同じ〕 same. [⇒ともえり, ともぎれ, ともぐい, etc.]

2 〔一緒に〕 with…; along [together] with…. [⇒ともだおれ, ともばたらき, etc.]